23111-00-4

Nicotinamide Riboside Chloride is the chloride salt form of nicotinamide riboside (NR). NR is a pyridine nucleoside form of vitamin B3 that functions as a precursor to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). Nicotinamide riboside chloride is a crystalline form of nicotinamide riboside (NR) chloride. Nicotinamide riboside chloride increases NAD+ levels and activates SIRT1 and SIRT3, thereby enhancing oxidative metabolism and protecting against high-fat diet-induced metabolic abnormalities. Nicotinamide riboside chloride is used in dietary supplements.

Nicotinamide riboside chloride (NR-CL) is structurally a quaternary ammonium salt containing a sensitive N-glycosidic bond that spontaneously cleaves in aqueous solution, yielding nicotinamide and d-ribose degradation products (Figure 1). NR-CL exhibits three crystalline forms: Type A, Type B, and Type C. Forms A and B represent true polymorphs of the anhydrous form, whereas form C constitutes a pseudo-polymorphic form as a methanesulfonate solvate. The B form exhibits a higher crystal density (1.591 Mg/m³) and a higher melting/decomposition temperature (123°C) compared to the A form (1.512 Mg/m³, 119°C), making it the most stable crystalline form. The crystal structure of Form B(Figure 2) is orthorhombic P212121 space group, with a = 7.0008(11) Å, b = 9.6465(15) Å, c = 17.971(3) Å, V = 1213.7(3) ų, and Z = 4.

Nicotinamide riboside (NR) was first described in 1944 as a growth factor, termed Factor V, for Haemophilus influenza, a bacterium that lives in and depends on blood. Factor V, purified from blood, was shown to exist in three forms: NAD+, NMN and NR. NR was the compound that led to the most rapid growth of this bacterium.Notably, H. influenza cannot grow on nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, tryptophan or aspartic acid, which were the previously known precursors of NAD+.
In 2000, yeast Sir2 was shown to be an NAD+-dependent protein lysine deacetylase, which led several research groups to probe yeast NAD+ metabolism for genes and enzymes that might regulate lifespan. Biosynthesis of NAD+ in yeast was thought to flow exclusively through NAMN (nicotinic acid mononucleotide).
When NAD+ synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing) was deleted from yeast cells, NR permitted yeast cells to grow. Thus, these Dartmouth College investigators proceeded to clone yeast and human nicotinamide riboside kinases and demonstrate the conversion of NR to NMN by nicotinamide riboside kinases in vitro and in vivo. They also demonstrated that NR is a natural product found in cow’s milk.

Nicotinamide Riboside Chloride is a crystal form of Nicotinamide riboside (NR) chloride termed NIAGEN, generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for use in foods and in dietary supplements. Nicotinamide Riboside Chloride is a source of vitamin B3 (niacin) and enhances oxidative metabolism, protection against high fat diet-induced metabolic abnormalities. Nicotinamide riboside is a newly discovered NAD (NAD+) precursor vitamin.

Nicotinamide riboside chloride boosts levels of NAD+, which is linked to potential health benefits regarding aging, brain health, heart disease risk and more. People use nicotinamide riboside for anti-aging effects, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, Alzheimer disease, obesity, and many other purposes.

Nicotinamide riboside (NR) is a newly discovered form of vitamin B3 that is found naturally in trace amounts in milk. No one really thought much about NR until scientists discovered that our bodies can convert NR into something called nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). And NAD+—at least for healthy-aging researchers—is kind of a big deal.
NAD+ is a coenzyme found in all living cells, and it plays a vital role in energy metabolism and maintaining proper cell functioning. Levels of NAD+ also happen to decline significantly as we get older, and these declining levels apparently drive the aging process.

Nicotinamide Riboside is an NAD+ precursor. It is a substrate for nicotinamide riboside kinases (NRK1/2). Nicotinamide Riboside shows neuroprotective effects in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes and improves mitochondrial function in muscle stem cells in aged mice. The compound also corrects non-alchoholic fatty liver disease phenotype induced by NAD+ deficiency or high-fat diet in mice. Orally bioavailable.

Side effects of Nicotinamide riboside chloride are usually mild and might include nausea, fatigue, headaches, diarrhea, stomach upset and indigestion.

Nicotinamide riboside chloride is obtained by processing the crude product. Steps: The methanolic solution containing the product is cooled. A cooled NaOCH3/methanol solution is added. After stirring, HCl is added slowly to adjust pH. The solvent is remov

Nicotinamide Riboside supplementation increases NAD+ content and sirtuin activity in cultured mammalian cells.

Nicotinamide Riboside, a precursor to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD), restores tissue NAD+ depletion induced by acute kidney injury (AKI) to that of the sham group, increases autophagy and sirtuin1 (Sirt1).

Store at -20°C, protect from light

Nicotinamide riboside is involved in nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism. Nicotinamide riboside was originally identified as a nutrient in milk and later discovered to be a NAD(+) precursor. Nicotinamide riboside (NR) is a naturally occurring vitamin B-3 present in the human diet that acts as an NAD+ precursor and is suggested to improve mitochondrial function and insulin sensitivity. NR acts via activation of the NAD+-dependent sirtuin enzyme family, thereby regulating oxidative metabolism. In vitro experiments of NR supplementation have shown its successful NAD+-restoring capability and subsequent increased oxidative gene expression in skeletal muscle cells. Results from in vivo mouse models have shown improvements in insulin sensitivity and oxidative energy metabolism, including enhanced metabolic flexibility, increased aerobic exercise capacity, and indications of improved mitochondrial biogenesis.

[1] Cantó, Carles, et al. “The NAD(+) Precursor Nicotinamide Riboside Enhances Oxidative Metabolism and Protects against High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity.” Cell Metabolism, 15 6, 2012, pp. 838–47, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2012.04.022.
[2] Gong, Bing, et al. “Nicotinamide Riboside Restores Cognition through an Upregulation of Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Coactivator 1α Regulated β-Secretase 1 Degradation and Mitochondrial Gene Expression in Alzheimer’s Mouse Models.” Neurobiology of Aging, 34 6, 2013, p. Pages 1581-1588, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2012.12.005.
[3] Chi, Yuling, and Anthony A Sauve. “Nicotinamide Riboside, a Trace Nutrient in Foods, Is a Vitamin B3 with Effects on Energy Metabolism and Neuroprotection.” Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care, 16 6, 2013, pp. 657–61, https://doi.org/10.1097/MCO.0b013e32836510c0.
[4] Walker, Matthew A, et al. “Raising NAD⁺ Level Stimulates Short-Chain Dehydrogenase/Reductase Proteins to Alleviate Heart Failure Independent of Mitochondrial Protein Deacetylation.” Circulation, 2023, pp. 2038–57, https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.066039.
[5] Bieganowski, Pawel, and Charles Brenner. “Discoveries of Nicotinamide Riboside as a Nutrient and Conserved NRK Genes Establish a Preiss-Handler Independent Route to NAD+ in Fungi and Humans.” Cell, 117 4, 2004, pp. 495–502, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0092-8674(04)00416-7.